Ko te hiraka māpere, i ahu mai i te tōngāmimi Bombyx mori, te tauira o ngā papanga papai. E mōhiotia ana mō tana tukanga whakaputa e whakamahi ana i ngā rau māpere, ka tukuna he ngawari me te pakari tino pai. Hei momo hiraka rongonui, he tūranga matua tana i roto i te hanganga o ngā papanga kounga teitei pēnei i teHe pajama hiraka māpere, Ngā kākahu o roto hiraka, me ngā kākahu hiraka kua whakaritea.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• He tino ngawari te āhua o te hiraka māpere, ā, he roa te mau. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mōngā kākahu whakapaipai pērā i te pajamame ngā kākahu.
• Ko te tiaki i te hiraka māpere he horoi mārire, he penapena hoki. Mā tēnei ka noho ataahua, ka roa ake hoki te mau.
• He āwhina te hoko i ngā taonga hiraka māpere ki te ao. Ka pakaru noa iho, ā, he iti noa ngā matū e hangaia ana.

Te Takenga Mai me te Hanganga o te Hiraka Māpere

Te hanga o te hiraka māpere

Ko te hanga hiraka māpere, e mōhiotia ana ko te sericulture, he tukanga tino tupato. Ka whakatipuria ngā noke hiraka (Bombyx mori) ā, ka whāngaihia ki ngā rau māpere anake. Kia mirohia e ngā noke hiraka ā rātou kōkō, ka tangohia ngā muka mā te kohuatia ngā kōkō ki te wai. Ka whakarewahia e tēnei tukanga te sericin, he pūmua e herea ai ngā muka, ka taea ai te wetewete i ngā miro hiraka roa, ka mirohia hei papanga.

Hei whakaputa i te 1 kirokaramu o te hiraka māpere, e 3,000 ngā toke hiraka e kai ana i te 104 kirokaramu o ngā rau māpere. E whakaatu ana tēnei i ngā rauemi nui e hiahiatia ana mō te hanga hiraka. Ko ngā mahi e whai wāhi ana ko te hanga kōkō, te huri, te maka, te raranga, me te tae.

Ko Haina me Īnia te rangatira o te hanga hiraka māpere o te ao, neke atu i te 80% o te putanga. He iti ake ngā rahinga e tukuna ana e ētahi atu whenua, pērā i a Uzbekistan me Brazil.

Te tūranga o ngā rau māpere ki te kounga o te hiraka

He pānga tika te hanganga matūkai o ngā rau māpere ki te kounga o te hiraka e hangaia ana. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he pai ake te hiraka e puta mai ana i ngā toke hiraka e whāngaihia ana ki ngā rau o waenganui nā te mea he nui ake te taumaha maroke me te nui o te warowaihā. Ka whakanui ake ēnei rau i te taumaha kōkō me te hua hiraka, ā, he mea tino pai mō te whakaputanga tino pai.

Ko ngā rau māpere i rongoatia ki ngā matūkai pēnei i te parahi whanariki me te konutea whanariki ka whakarei ake i te nui o te pūmua me te waikawa amino, ka whakapai ake i te tipu o ngā torongū me te whanaketanga o te repe hiraka.

Te takoha a WONDERFUL ki te hanga hiraka kounga teitei

He mea nui te mahi a WONDERFUL ki te whakatairanga i te hanga hiraka māpere. Hei waitohu kakahu matua, ka whakakotahihia e ia ngā tikanga whakatipu hiraka tuku iho me ngā auahatanga hou hei whakaputa i te kounga teitei.ngā hua hirakaMā te WONDERFUL ka whāngaihia ngā noke hiraka ki ngā rau māpere pai rawa atu, kia pai ake ai te kounga me te hua o te hiraka.

Nā te whakapau kaha o te waitohu ki te pumau me te tika o te hanga, kua waiho ia hei ingoa pono i roto i te umanga hiraka. He tohunga a WONDERFUL ki te hanga hua hiraka kua whakaritea, tae atu ki ngā pajama hiraka Mulberry me ngā kākahu hiraka kua whakaritea, hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia kanorau o ngā kaihoko me te pupuri tonu i te mauri papai o te hiraka mulberry.

Mā te whakapau kaha o WONDERFUL ki te hiranga ka whakaatahia e ia wahi o te papanga hiraka te kounga tino pai o te hiraka māpere.

Te Rerekētanga o te Hiraka Māpere i ētahi atu Momo Hiraka

Te whakataurite ki te hiraka mohoao

He rerekē rawa ngā tukanga whakaputa, te kakano, me te kounga whānui o te hiraka māpere me te hiraka mohoao. Ko te hiraka mohoao, i ahu mai i ngā noke hiraka e kai ana i ngā rau rerekē i roto i ngā kāinga tūturu, kāore i te ōrite ki te hiraka māpere. Ko te kai a ngā noke hiraka mohoao ka hua ake he muka poto ake, he muka taratara ake, ā, ka puta he kakano taratara ake. He rerekē, he roa, he muka tonu te hiraka māpere nā te kai whakahaere a ngā noke hiraka i ngā rau māpere anake.

He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia e te hiraka mohoao he tae koura, he parauri rānei, engari he mā te hiraka māpere, ā, he māmā ake te tae i ngā tae kanapa. Hei tāpiri, ka hauhakehia ngā kōkōne hiraka mohoao i muri i te putanga mai o ngā pūrerehua, ka whati ngā miro. He rerekē tēnei tukanga ki te hanga hiraka māpere, ina puta he papanga maeneene ake, he pakari ake hoki i ngā kōkōne kāore i pakaru. Nā ēnei rerekētanga ka waiho te hiraka māpere hei whiringa pai mōngā kakahu papai.

Ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te hiraka māpere

E kitea ana te hiraka māpere mō tōna ngawari, tōna kaha, me tōna kanapa e kore e taea te whakarite. Ka hangaia e ōna muka roa he mata maeneene e ngawari ana ki te kiri, e whakaiti ana i te waku me te riri. Nā tēnei kounga ka pai mō ngā hua pēnei i ngā urunga urunga me ngā kākahu e whakatairanga ana i te hauora o te kiri me te makawe.

Ko te pakari o te hiraka māpere tētahi atu āhuatanga motuhake. Ehara i te mea he kaha anake ōna muka engari he ngāwari hoki, e āhei ai te papanga ki te pupuri i tōna āhua i roto i te wā. Nā te hanganga pūmua tūturu o te hiraka māpere, he kore e pāwera ki ngā mite puehu, ā, he pai hoki mō te hunga he kiri tairongo.

Nā te āhua papai me ngā painga mahi o te hiraka māpere he papanga ahurei e whakakotahi ana i te huatau me te whaihua.

He aha te nui ake o te utu o te hiraka māpere

He maha ngā āhuatanga e whai wāhi ana ki te utu nui ake o te hiraka māpere ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu momo hiraka:

• Te Motuhake o ngā RauemiKo te hanga hiraka māpere ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga whenua me ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi, ā, ka whakawhāiti i tōna wātea.
• Te Uauatanga o te Mahi ToiKo ngā mahi uaua o te whakatipu toke hiraka, te hauhake kōkona, me te miro muka roa e hiahia ana ki te wā me te tohungatanga nui.
• Taonga Tuku Iho o te WaitohuKo ngā waitohu rongonui pēnei i a WONDERFUL e pupuri ana i te taonga tuku iho o te kounga me te mahi toi, e whakarei ake ana i te uara e kitea ana o ā rātou hua.
• Ngā Whakaaetanga WhakapūmauKo ngā tikanga whakaputa matatika me te hoa-taiao, pērā i te whakamahi i ngā tae taiao me te whakaiti i te para, ka tāpiri atu ki te utu engari e hangai ana ki ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko mō te oranga papai pumau.

Ko ēnei āhuatanga, me te hono atu ki tekounga teiteio te hiraka māpere, e whakamārama ana i tōna utu nui. Ko ngā kaihoko e haumi ana ki ngā hua hiraka māpere, ehara i te mea ka whiwhi noa i te papanga papai engari he rauemi pumau, he rauemi matatika hoki.

Ko te utu nui ake o te hiraka māpere e whakaata ana i tōna motuhaketanga, i tōna mahi toi, me tōna whakapau kaha ki te oranga tonutanga, ā, he haumitanga whai hua tēnei mā te hunga e rapu ana i ngā kakahu pai rawa atu.

Ngā Hua o te Hiraka Māpere

Ngā painga o te kiri me te makawe

He tino pai ngā painga o te hiraka māpere mō te hauora o te kiri me te makawe, ā, he mea pai tēnei mā ngā tākuta kiri me ngā kaiwhaiwhai ataahua. Mā tōna mata maeneene ka whakaiti i te waku, ka whakaiti i te whati o te makawe, te wehenga o ngā pito, me te pōturi. Mā tēnei kounga ka pupuri i te hanganga tūturu o te makawe, ka ārai i te whiri me te whakatairanga i te āhua maeneene.

Mō te kiri, he ngawari, he kore e whakapataritari te hiraka māpere. Ka ārai i ngā kōpiko me ngā kita o te ata mā te whakaiti i te pēhanga ki te kiri mata i te wā e moe ana. Hei tāpiri, ko tōna kaha ki te pupuri i te makuku ka pupuri i te makuku o te kiri, ka whakarei ake i tōna kanapa tūturu. He maha ngā tākuta kiri e taunaki ana i ngā hua hiraka mō te hunga he kiri tairongo nā te mea he hypoallergenic.

• Ngā painga matua mō te kiri me te makawe:
  • Ka whakaiti i te whati, te pōrearea, me te whiri o te makawe.
  • Ārai i ngā kita o te moe me ngā kōmiro o te ata.
  • Ka pupuri i te makuku o te kiri, ka whakatairanga i te makuku.
  • Kāore e pāwera ki te kiri, ā, he pai mō te kiri tairongo.

Nā ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te hiraka māpere he mea tino pai mō te pupuri i te kiri me te makawe hauora, me te whakakotahi i te papai me ngā painga mahi.

Te whakapai ake i te kounga o te moe

Mā te kakano papai o te hiraka māpere ka whakarei ake i te kounga o te moe mā te waihanga i tētahi taiao whakamarie, whakamarie hoki. Ko ōna āhuatanga whakahaere pāmahana taiao ka āwhina i te pupuri i te pāmahana moe tino pai, ka noho mātao te tinana i te raumati, ka mahana hoki i te takurua. Mā tēnei āheinga urutau ka noho pai te moe, ka okioki hoki puta noa i te tau.

Mā te maeneene me te ngawari o te mata o te hiraka māpere ka whakaiti i te riri, ka taea ai e te tangata te whakangāwari ake. Mā te whakaiti i ngā mate pāwera pēnei i ngā mite puehu, ka tautokohia hoki he taiao moe hauora ake, inā koa mō te hunga he mate pāwera, he mate manawa rānei.

• Me pēhea te whakapai ake o te hiraka māpere i te moe:
  • Ka whakahaere i te pāmahana kia pai ai te noho i te tau katoa.
  • He mata ngohengohe, kāore e whakapataritari, hei whakangā.
  • Ka whakaiti i ngā mate pāwera, ka whakatairanga i te taiao moe hauora.

Te haumi ki rotomoenga hiraka māpereka taea te huri i te moe hei wheako papai, hei wheako whakahauora hoki, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki te oranga whānui.

Ngā rawa taiao-hoa, ā-pūmau hoki

He mea tino pai te hiraka māpere hei papanga e pai ana mō te taiao, e pumau ana hoki, e hangai ana ki te pikinga o te hiahia mō ngā hua e aro ana ki te taiao. Ka pirau noa iho, ka pirau noa iho, kāore e tukuna he matū kino ki te taiao. Kāore i rite ki ngā muka hangai, e mau tonu ana mō ngā tekau tau, kāore te hiraka māpere e waiho i tētahi tapuwae taiao pumau.

He iti noa te whakamahinga matū i roto i te tukanga whakaputa hiraka māpere, ā, ka whakaitihia tōna pānga ki te taiao. Ahakoa ka puta pea ngā hau kati kōtuhi i roto i te mahi whakatipu huruhuru tuku iho nā ngā maniua me ngā whare waro, ka taea e te whakamahi i te pūngao whakahou me ngā tikanga ahuwhenua pumau te whakaiti i ēnei pānga. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā hua hiraka māpere ka tautoko i ngā tikanga hoahoa taiao, ā, ka whakatairanga i te oranga pumau.

• Ngā painga taiao o te hiraka māpere:
  • Ka pirau, ā, he haumaru hoki mō te taiao.
  • Te iti rawa o te whakamahinga matū i te wā e whakaputa ana.
  • E tautoko ana i te noho pumau, me te noho ā-taiao.

Ka whakakotahi te hiraka māpere i te papai me te oranga tonutanga, ā, he kōwhiringa kore hara tēnei mō te hunga e whakanui ana i te huatau me te kawenga mō te taiao.

Te Mārama ki te Kounga o te Hiraka: Te Pūnaha Whakarōpūtanga Momme

He aha a Māmā, ā, he aha tōna hiranga?

Ko te Momme, e whakarapopototia ana ko "mm," he ine motuhake e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te taumaha me te kounga o te papanga hiraka. I ahu mai i Hapani, i whakamahia tuatahitia tēnei inenga ki te hiraka habutae me te crepe engari i muri mai kua noho hei paerewa ā-ao mō te aromatawai i ngā hua hiraka. Ko te kotahi Momme he rite ki te 3.75 karamu o te hiraka mō ia rohe motuhake, arā, tata ki te 0.132 hekere.

Ko ngā uara Momme teitei ake e tohu ana i te hiraka matotoru ake, matotoru ake, e pā tika ana ki te pakari me te kounga. Hei tauira, ko ngā urunga hiraka he 20, neke atu rānei te taumaha Momme e kiia ana he mea utu nui, ko ngā taumaha mama ake (8-16 Momme) he pai ake mō ngā mea ngawari pēnei i ngā hāri. He rite te kaupapa o tēnei pūnaha whakatauranga ki te tatau miro i roto i te miro, e āwhina ana i ngā kaihoko ki te aromatawai i te kounga o ngā hua hiraka.

Mā te mārama ki te pūnaha whakatauranga a Momme ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whakatau whai whakaaro, kia mōhio ai rātou ki te whiriwhiri i ngā taonga hiraka e tutuki ai ā rātou tumanakohanga mō te papai me te roa o te wā.

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā hua hiraka mapere kounga teitei

Te whiriwhirihiraka mapere kounga teiteiMe aro atu ki ētahi āhuatanga matua. Tuatahi, me rite te taumaha o te Momme ki te whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana mō te hua. Mō ngā moenga me ngā kākahu, ka tukuna e te Momme 19-25 te taurite tino pai o te ngawari me te pakari. Tuarua, he mea nui te māramatanga i roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa. He maha ngā waitohu rongonui e whakarato ana i ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te OEKO-TEX Standard 100, e kī taurangi ana kāore he matū kino i roto i te hiraka.

Hei tāpiritanga, he mea nui te momo hiraka. Ko ngā hua i hangaia mai i te hiraka māpere 100% karaehe 6A te kounga teitei rawa atu. Mā tēnei karaehe ka roa, ka ōrite, ka kore he poke o ngā muka hiraka, ka hua ake he papanga maeneene ake, he papanga papai ake. He tino pai ngā waitohu pēnei i a WONDERFUL ki te tuku i ngā kākahu hiraka ritenga i hangaia mai ihiraka māpere kounga teitei, e whakakotahi ana i te huatau me te tino tika kua whakaritea.

I te wā e hoko ana i te hiraka, me aro nui ki te taumaha o Momme, ngā tiwhikete, me te kounga o te hiraka kia pai ai te hoko i tētahi hua e tuku ana i te papai me te pakari.

Te tiaki i te hiraka māpere

Ngā tohutohu horoi me te whakamaroke

He mea nui ngā tikanga horoi me te whakamaroke tika hei pupuri i te kounga o te hiraka māpere. Horoia ngā hiraka i runga i te huringa maeneene mā te whakamahi i te putea horoi hei ārai i te kino. Kaua e whakaranu i ngā tae, kaua hoki e horoi i te hiraka me ētahi atu rauemi hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te raranga. Mō ngā hua tino pai, whakamahia ngā hiraka maroke-hau, maroke-raina rānei, nā te mea ka taea e te whakamaroke mīhini te ngoikore o ngā muka.

He pai te horoi i ngā ira mō ngā urunga hiraka. Mā te ranunga o te wai matao me te hopi horoi rihi ngawari ka tango i ngā paru me te kore e kino ki te papanga. Hei whakahoki mai i te kanapa tūturu o te hiraka i muri i te whakamaroke, whakamahia he rino i te pāmahana iti rawa. Kaua rawa e whakamahi i te wai mā, i ngā mea whakangawari papanga, i ngā hopi horoi kaha rānei, nā te mea ka taea e ēnei te whakaiti i ngā muka o te hiraka.

Mā te whakamahana i ngā paraikete hiraka ki te rā tika mō ētahi haora ka āwhina i te pupuri i te hou me te whakakore i ngā haunga kino.

Te penapena i te hiraka māpere hei pupuri i tōna kounga

Mā te penapena tika i te hiraka māpere ka roa te ora. Puritia ngā taonga hiraka ki ngā wāhi hauhautanga, maroke, kia matara atu i te rā tika hei ārai i te memeha me te ngoikore o te muka. Ki te whakapiko, whakamahia ngā whakapiko mārie hei ārai i te miro tuturu. Mō te whakairi, ko ngā whakairi whakakī te tautoko pai rawa atu.

Tākaihia te hiraka ki roto i tētahi whāriki miro tiaki, waiho rānei ki roto i tētahi putea papanga manawa hei ārai i ngā mahanga. Āta karohia ngā putea kirihou, nā te mea ka taea e rātou te hopu i te makuku me te arahi ki te harore. Mā te pupuri i te pāmahana rokiroki i waenga i te 59-68°F (15-20°C) me te pupuri i te makuku i raro i te 60% ka hangaia he āhuatanga pai mō te tiaki i te hiraka.

Mā te whakamahana i ngā kakahu hiraka i ia wā ka ārai i te haunga haunga, ka noho hou hoki te kakahu.

Ngā hapa noa hei karo i te tiaki i te hiraka

He maha ngā hapa noa ka pā kino ki te kounga o te hiraka māpere. Mā te horoi i te hiraka me ētahi atu papanga, te whakamahi rānei i te wai wera ka pā kino kino tonu. Waihoki, mā te whakatārewatanga o te hiraka ki te rā tika mō ngā wā roa ka ngoikore ōna muka, ka memeha hoki tōna tae.

Mā te kore e tika te penapena, pērā i te whakamahi i ngā pēke kirihou, te whakairi rānei i te hiraka ki runga i ngā whakairi waea, ka hua ake te makuku, te hē rānei o te papanga. Mēnā kāore e tukuna ngā mea hiraka ki waho i ia wā, ka puta pea he haunga kino. Mā te karo i ēnei hapa,ngā hua hiraka, tae atu ki ngā kākahu hiraka kua whakaritea, ka mau tonu te āhua papai me te ataahua mō ngā tau.

Kākahu Hiraka Whakaritea me te Hiraka Māpere

He aha te whakaritenga e whakarei ake ai i te wheako papai

Kua noho te whakaritenga hei āhuatanga matua o te ahua papai, inā koa i roto i te ao okākahu hiraka māpereKua kite te umanga hiraka i tētahi panonitanga nui i te mea e rapu haere ana ngā kaihoko i ngā hoahoa motuhake e whakaata ana i ō rātou ake momo kāhua. E whakaatu ana tēnei panonitanga i te pikinga o te hiahia mō ngā hua ahurei me te whaiaro, e whakarei ake ana i te wheako papai whānui.

E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mākete he mea whakatairanga te whakaritenga i te whakapuakitanga whaiaro, e āhei ai te tangata ki te waihanga i ngā kākahu e hangai ana ki ō rātou hiahia me te tuakiri. I roto i te wāhanga papai, kua piki haere te kaha o tēnei ia, me te whakanui a ngā kaihoko i te motuhaketanga me te mahi toi e pā ana ki ngā kākahu hiraka i hangaia kia rite ki ō rātou hiahia. Mā te kaha ki te whakarite i ngā hoahoa, ngā tae, me ngā taunga ka whakarei ake i te hononga kare ā-roto i waenga i te kaimau me te kākahu, ka tino ahurei ia wāhanga.

Ko te tino ataahua o ngā kākahu hiraka kua whakaritea kia rite ki te hiahia o te tangata, kei roto i tōna kaha ki te whakakotahi i te huatau me te tuakiri. Mā te tuku i ngā kōwhiringa kua whakaritea kia rite ki te hiahia o te kaihoko hou mō te ahurei, kia noho ko ia wahi he whakaaturanga o te papai whaiaro.

Te mahi a WONDERFUL ki te waihanga i ngā hua hiraka kua whakaritea

Kua whakatūria a WONDERFUL hei kaiārahi i roto i te hanga kākahu hiraka ritenga. Nā te tohungatanga o te waitohu ki te mahi tahi me te hiraka māpere kounga teitei ka taea e ia te hanga kākahu e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa kounga me te auahatanga teitei. Mā te whakapau kaha a WONDERFUL ki te tika me te aro ki ngā taipitopito ka whakarite kia whakaatahia e ia wahi kua whakaritea te mauri papai o te hiraka māpere.

He whānuitanga o ngā momo e tukuna ana e te waitohungā kōwhiringa whakaritenga, e āhei ai ngā kaihoko ki te whiriwhiri i ngā papanga, ngā hoahoa, me ngā momo kākahu e rite ana ki ō rātou hiahia. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā mahi toi tuku iho me ngā tikanga hou, ka hangaia e WONDERFUL ngā kākahu hiraka motuhake e whakaatu ana i te huatau me te tuakiri. Ko tā rātou whakapau kaha ki te oranga tonutanga ka whakarei ake i te ataahua o ā rātou hua, e hangai ana ki ngā uara o ngā kaihoko e aro nui ana ki te taiao.

Ko te huarahi whakarite a WONDERFUL ki te whakarei ake i te wheako papai, engari ka whakakaha ake hoki i tōna ingoa hei ingoa pono i roto i te umanga hiraka. Mā roto i āna tuku kua whakaritea, ka haere tonu te waitohu ki te whakahou i ngā paerewa hiranga o ngā kākahu hiraka māpere.

Ko te hiraka māpere te tohu o te tihi o te papai me te kounga o ngā kakahu. Nā tōna ngawari me te pakari e kore e taea te whakataurite, he mea pai tēnei mā te hunga e rapu ana i te huatau me te whai hua.

• Ngā Kaupapa Matua:
  • Ka whakapai ake i te hauora o te kiri me te makawe.
  • E whakatairanga ana i te noho ā-taiao.
  • E tuku ana i ngā kōwhiringa whakaritenga kua whakaritea.

Mā te tiaki tika ka mau tonu te ataahua me ngā hua o te hiraka māpere mō ngā tau maha, ā, ka waiho hei haumi pumau.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te mea e kore ai e pāwera te hiraka māpere?

Kei roto i te hiraka māpere ngā pūmua tūturu e ātete ana ki ngā mite puehu me ngā mate pāwera. Ka whakaitihia e ōna muka maeneene te mumura o te kiri, ā, he mea tino pai mō te hunga tairongo.

Me pēhea te whakahaere a te hiraka māpere i te pāmahana?

Ka urutau ngā muka manawa o te hiraka māpere ki te pāmahana o te tinana. Ka noho mātao te kaiwhakamahi i te raumati, ka mahana hoki i te takurua, kia pai ai te noho i te tau katoa.

Ka taea te tae ngāwari i te hiraka māpere?

Ae, mā te tae māori o te hiraka māpere ka taea te mimiti tae kanapa. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea te whakamahi mōte hanga i ngā hua hiraka kanapa, ritenga hoki.