Kua roa ngā takai upoko e tū ana hei tohu mō te whakapehapeha ahurea me te takitahi. He hohonu te tikanga o ēnei takai, e hono ana i te tangata ki ō rātou taonga tuku iho, ā, e tuku ana hoki i tētahi kānawehi mō te whakapuaki i a rātou anō. I te ao whānui, e whakaata ana ngā takai upoko i te tuakiri, ahakoa mā roto i ngā hoahoa uaua i roto i ngā tikanga tuku iho o Āwherika, mā roto rānei i ngā mahi wairua. I ēnei rā, ka whakakotahihia e rātou te tikanga tuku iho me te ahua hou, ā, ka noho hei taputapu maha-whakamahinga. Kāore i rite ki tētahi mea ngāwari noa iho.potae, hetakai upokoHe kōrero pakiwaitara tēnei, e whakaatu ana i te whakamana me te momo. He hononga tēnei i waenganui i ngā rā o mua me ngā rā o nāianei, e whakanui ana i ngā pūtake me te auahatanga.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• He tohu kaha ngā takai upoko mō te tuakiri ahurea, e hono ana i te tangata ki tōna taonga tuku iho me ōna tikanga.
• He momo whakaaturanga whaiaro te mau i te takai māhunga, e āhei ai te tangata ki te whakaatu i tōna āhua ahurei me tōna auahatanga.
• He tikanga nui tō ngā takai upoko i roto i te hītori, e tohu ana i te manawanui me te whakamana, inā koa i roto i te hītori o ngā Āhurika-Amerika.
• Mā te whakauru i ngā takai māhunga ki roto i te ahua hou ka whakakotahi i te tikanga tuku iho me te āhua o nāianei, ka waiho hei taputapu whai hua mō ngā take katoa.
• Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā takai upoko e tauwhiro ana, e hangaia ana i runga i ngā tikanga matatika, ka tautoko i ngā tohunga toi o te rohe, ka tiaki hoki i te ahurea tuku iho.
• He maha ngā painga o ngā takai upoko, pērā i te tiaki i te makawe me te whakarato whakamarie, ā, ka whakarei ake hoki i te āhua whaiaro.
• Mā te awhi i te māhunga ka poipoi i te whakauru me te maioha ki ngā ahurea kanorau, ka akiaki i te whakaute me te māramatanga.

Te Hiranga Ahurea o ngā Takai Upoko

Ngā Pūtake Hītori me ngā Pūtake Tuku Iho

He hītori whai kiko ngā takai upoko e horapa ana i ngā whenua me ngā rautau. I roto i ngā ahurea o Āwherika, he hohonu te tikanga, ā, ehara i te mea he papanga noa iho. Hei tauira, ka karangahia e te iwi Yoruba o Nigeria ō rātou takai upoko kua takaihia kia uaua.ngā kiriHe maha ngā wā ka mauhia ēnei takai i ngā huihuinga nui pēnei i ngā marena, i ngā hui whakapono rānei, hei tohu i te huatau me te whakapehapeha ahurea. Waihoki, ka kiia e ngā wāhine o Ghana ō rātou takai mahunga hengā duku, i Āwherika ki te Tonga me Namibia, e mōhiotia ana rātou kongā doeks. E whakaata ana ia ingoa i ngā tikanga tuku iho me ngā tuakiri ahurei o ēnei rohe.

I tua atu i Āwherika, he mea nui anō hoki ngā takai upoko i roto i ētahi atu tikanga o te ao. I Āhia ki te Tonga, he maha ngā wā ka mau ngā wāhine i ngā takai upoko, i ngā hāri rānei hei wāhanga o ō rātou kākahu o ia rā, e whakakotahi ana i te ngākau māhaki me te kāhua. I te Waenganui Rawhiti, he tikanga whakapono me te tikanga ahurea ngā taupoki upoko pērā i te hijab, te turban rānei. E whakaatu ana ēnei mahi i te huarahi e whiti ai ngā takai upoko i ngā rohe, e hono ana i te tangata mā roto i ngā uara tuku iho me te whakaaturanga whaiaro.

"E hono ana te takai upoko i ngā wāhine Mangu o te Hauāuru ki ngā tikanga tuku iho a ō rātou tūpuna me ō rātou whanaunga i tērā taha o te Moana Ataratiki."

E whakaatu ana tēnei kīwaha i te hononga pumau e hangaia ana e ngā takai upoko i waenga i ngā whakatipuranga me ngā whenua puta noa, kia mau tonu ai te wairua nōhanga me te tuakiri.

Ngā Tohu o te Tuakiri me te Taonga Tuku Iho

He tohu kaha ngā takai upoko mō te tuakiri. I roto i ngā ahurea maha, he tohu tēnei mō te mana pāpori, te whakapono, tae atu ki te mana marena. Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi hapori Āwherika, ko te āhua o te takai upoko ka tohu mēnā kua moe wahine, kua pouaru, kua takakau rānei te wahine. Ko ngā tae me ngā tauira o te papanga ka tohu pea i te taonga, te iwi, ngā whakapono wairua rānei. Mā ēnei taipitopito ngawari engari he whai tikanga, ka waiho ngā takai upoko hei momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahurei kore-waha.

He mea nui tonu te tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho o te ahurea mā roto i ngā mahi takai upoko. He mea tuku iho i roto i ngā whakatipuranga, e ako ana te toi o te takai upoko i ngā rangatahi mō ō rātou pūtake me ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ka poipoi i te wairua whakahīhī me te haere tonu, kia mau tonu ai ēnei tikanga i roto i te ao hurihuri tere. Mā te mau i te takai upoko, ehara i te mea ko te whakahonore i ō rātou tūpuna anake, engari ko te whakanui hoki i tō rātou tuakiri ahurea i roto i te huarahi e kitea ana, e whai tikanga ana hoki.

Ngā Takai Upoko hei Tohu Whakamana

Te Ātete me te Manawanui

Kua roa ngā takai upoko e tohu ana i te kaha me te tū pakari i roto i te hītori o ngā Āhurika-Amerika. I te wā o te mahi pononga, i whakamahia e ngā wāhine ngā takai upoko hei taputapu whai hua hei tiaki i ō rātou makawe i a rātou e mahi ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua. Heoi, ehara i te mea he taonga whai hua noa iho ēnei takai. I huri hei tohu mō te manawanui me te whakapehapeha ahurea. I mau ngā wāhine pononga i ēnei hei huarahi hei tiaki i ō rātou tuakiri me te pupuri i te hononga ki ō rātou taonga tuku iho o Āhurika, ahakoa te tukino.

I whakanuia ake e te Kaupapa Mō Ngā Tika Tangata te hiranga o ngā takai upoko. I awhi ngā kaiwhakahau me ngā kaiārahi i ēnei hei whakapuakitanga whakamana me te kotahitanga. Mā te mau i ngā takai upoko, i whakakahoretia e rātou ngā tikanga pāpori i ngana ki te pehi i tō rātou tuakiri. Engari, i whakanuia e rātou ō rātou pūtake me te whakahoki mai i tō rātou kōrero. Nā tēnei mahi ātete i whakaoho te tini ki te titiro ki ngā takai upoko hei tohu honore, e tohu ana i te pakanga mō te ōritetanga me te tika.

"Ehara te takai upoko i te mea he whakaaturanga ahua noa iho; engari he tohu whakahīhī, tikanga tuku iho, me te tuakiri."

—Ngā Kaituhi Hītori, Ngā Tohunga Ahurea rānei

I ēnei rā, kei te mau tonu ngā takai upoko hei whakamahara kaha mō ngā pakanga me ngā wikitoria o ngā hapori Āwherika-Amerika. He tohu ēnei mō te wairua pumau o te hunga i mua i a tātou.

Te Whakapuakitanga Whaiaro me te Wairua

He huarahi ahurei ngā takai upoko mō te tangata ki te whakaatu i ō rātou tuakiri. He kōrero ia takai, e whakaatu ana i te momo kāhua whaiaro, te ahurea, te wairua rānei. Mā te whiriwhiri i te papanga, te tae, me te hoahoa ka taea e te hunga e mau ana te whakaatu i ō rātou auahatanga me te tuakiri. Ki te tini, ko te takai i ō rātou makawe he momo toi, he tikanga o ia rā e whakanui ana i a rātou.

Haunga te whakaatu whaiaro, he hohonu te tikanga o ngā takai upoko ki ngā kare ā-roto me ngā tikanga wairua. Ko ētahi e mau ana i ēnei hei momo manaaki i a rātou anō, hei kimi i te whakamarie me te maia i roto i te mahi takai. Ko ētahi e kite ana i ēnei hei hononga ki ō rātou tūpuna, hei huarahi ki te whakahonore i ngā tikanga tuku iho i roto i ngā whakatipuranga. Mā te mahi ngāwari o te here i te takai upoko ka taea te whakaoho i te wairua o te whenua me te noho tahi.

I roto i ngā mahi wairua, he tohu ngā takai upoko mō te ngākau māhaki, te whakaute, te aroha rānei. Ka hangaia he wāhi tapu, ka taea ai e te hunga e mau ana te noho haumaru me te noho pūmau. Ahakoa he take whaiaro, he wāhanga rānei o tētahi tikanga ahurea, wairua rānei, he nui te hiranga o ngā takai upoko.

Mā te awhi i ngā takai upoko, ehara i te mea ka whakanuia e te tangata tō rātou ahurei anake, engari ka hono atu hoki ki tētahi mea nui atu i a rātou anō. Ka noho ēnei takai hei piriti i waenganui i te wā o mua me te wā o nāianei, e whakakotahi ana i te whakaaturanga whaiaro me te hohonutanga ahurea me te wairua.

Te Whanaketanga o ngā Takai Upoko i roto i te Ahua

Mai i te Tikanga Tuku Iho ki te Auahatanga Ao

Kua haere ngā takai upoko i tētahi haerenga whakamīharo mai i ngā tohu ahurea ki ngā mea nui o te ao ahua. Ko te mea i mua he tohu tuakiri me te tikanga tuku iho kua riro inaianei hei taputapu rongonui i roto i te ao ahua. E whakaatu ana tēnei panonitanga i te tipu haere o te maioha ki te toi me te taonga tuku iho i muri i ngā takai upoko. Kua awhihia e ngā kaihoahoa o te ao ēnei taonga, kua whakauruhia ki roto i ā rātou kohinga hei whakaatu i te ataahua me te kanorau o ngā ahurea pērā i ērā i Āwherika. Mā te mahi pera, kua kawea mai e rātou ngā takai upoko ki te tirohanga whānui, kia taea ai e te hunga whānui te uru atu ki ēnei.

He wāhi nui tō ngā papaaho pāpāho pāpori pērā i a Instagram me Pinterest ki tēnei whanaketanga. E whakapuaki ana ngā kaiwhakatairanga me ngā kaiwhaiwhai ahua i ngā huarahi auaha ki te whakakakahu i ngā takai upoko, e whakahihiko ana i te miriona ki te whakamātau i tēnei taputapu maha-whakamahinga. Kua nui atu i te mea he taonga ahurea noa iho te takai upoko; he tohu ia ināianei mō te auahatanga, te huatau, me te takitahi. Ahakoa he kākahu noa iho, he kākahu ōkawa rānei, ka tāpirihia he pa ahurei e pārekareka ana ki te iwi o ngā momo āhua katoa.

"Ehara i te mea he papanga noa iho ngā takai upoko; he kōrero, he tikanga tuku iho, he whakaaturanga tuakiri hoki e whatu ana ki roto i ia momo kakahu."

Kua whai wāhi atu hoki ngā whetu rongonui me ngā kaihoahoa ki te pikinga ake o ngā takai upoko i roto i te ao ahua. Ko ngā tino tangata pēnei i a Erykah Badu rāua ko Lupita Nyong'o kua mau i ēnei i runga i ngā whāriki whero, ā, ko ngā waitohu papai kua whakaatu i ēnei i roto i ngā whakaaturanga ara. Nā ēnei tautoko kua whakanuia te mana o te takai upoko, kua huri hei taonga nui mā te hunga e anga whakamua ana ki te ahua. Mā te whakakotahi i te hiranga ahurea me te ataahua o te ao hou, kua mau te tūranga o ngā takai upoko i roto i te ao ahua o te ao.

Te Whakaranu i te Tikanga Tuku Iho me te Ao Hou

Nā te whakakotahitanga o te tikanga tuku iho me te ao hou kua hou ake te āhua o ngā takai upoko. Kei te whakahou ake ngā kaihoahoa i ngā tauira me ngā tikanga tuku iho, e hanga ana i ngā hoahoa hou e whakahonore ana i ō rātou pūtake me te kukume i ngā hiahia hou. Hei tauira, kei te whakamahia ngā tānga i ahu mai i Āwherika i roto i ngā huarahi auaha, e whakakotahi ana i ngā tae māia me ngā momo kāhua iti. Mā tēnei huarahi ka taea e ngā kaimau te whakanui i ō rātou taonga tuku iho me te noho tonu ki te ao auaha.

Kua noho ko te oranga tonutanga hei kaupapa matua i roto i te whanaketanga o te ahua o ngā takai upoko. He maha ngā waitohu e hanga ana i ngā takai upoko mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi e pai ana ki te taiao me ngā tikanga matatika. E whakaatu ana tēnei panoni i te pikinga o te hiahia o ngā kaihoko mō ngā hua e hangai ana ki ō rātou uara. Mā te whiriwhiri i ngā takai upoko oranga tonutanga, ka taea e te tangata te hanga i tētahi whakaaturanga ahua me te tautoko i ngā tikanga whakaputa kawenga.

Nā te aranga ake o te ao ahua matatika kua akiakihia ngā pakihi iti me ngā tohunga toi ki te whakaatu i ā rātou mahi toi. Ko ngā takai upoko i hangaia ā-ringa, he mea hanga pinepine mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tuku iho, he rerekē ahurei ki ngā taonga i hangaia i te nuinga. Ehara i te mea ko ēnei taonga anake e tautoko ana i ngā ōhanga ā-rohe engari e tiaki ana hoki i te taonga tuku iho kua whakauruhia ki roto i ā rātou hoahoa.

Mā te whakauru i ngā takai upoko ki roto i ngā momo ahua o nāianei e whakaatu ana i tōna whānuitanga me tōna ataahua mutunga kore. Ka honoa te āputa i waenga i ngā mea o mua me ngā mea o nāianei, ka taea e te tangata te whakapuaki i a rātou anō me te whakahonore i ngā tikanga i hanga i a rātou. I a rātou e whanake haere tonu ana, he tohu kaha tonu ēnei mō te tuakiri, te auahatanga, me te whakahīhī ahurea.

Te Hiranga o Ngā Tākai Upoko o ēnei Rā

He Tohu Ao Whānui mō te Whakaurunga

Kua noho ngā takai upoko hei taputapu whakakotahi e awhihia ana e te iwi o ngā momo whakapapa. Puta noa i ngā whenua, ka mau ngā tāngata i ēnei hei whakanui i ō rātou taonga tuku iho, hei whakaatu i ō rātou tuakiri, hei pārekareka rānei ki tō rātou ataahua. I roto i ngā ahurea o Āwherika, ko ngā takai upoko he tohu whakahīhī me te tikanga tuku iho, engari i ētahi atu rohe, e whakaata ana i ngā whakapono wairua, i ngā uara ahurea rānei. E whakaatu ana tēnei āhua whānui i te kaha o ngā takai upoko ki te hono i te tangata mā te maioha tahi mō tō rātou ataahua me te hiranga.

"E mau ana ngā taupoki i te mahunga hei tohu i te tuakiri ahurea, te taonga tuku iho, me ngā whakapono wairua."

E whakaatu ana tēnei kōrero i te hohonu o te tikanga o ngā takai upoko mō ngā hapori maha. He piriti ēnei i waenga i ngā ahurea, e whakatairanga ana i te māramatanga me te whakaute. Heoi, he mea nui kia whakatata atu ki tēnei whakaurunga me te aro nui ki ngā ahurea. Mā te maioha ki te toi me te hītori o ngā takai upoko ka whakarei ake i te wheako o te mau i a rātou. Mā te karo i te tango i ngā tikanga ahurea ka noho tonu tēnei taputapu hei tohu whakaute me te kotahitanga, kaua hei tohu hē.

Āhua Whaihua me te Ataahua

Nā te maha o ngā whakamahinga o ngā takai upoko, he mea tino pai mō ngā huihuinga maha. Ahakoa he huihuinga ōkawa, he haerenga mahi rānei, ka taea e te takai upoko te whakarei ake i tētahi kākahu. Nā tōna ngāwari ki te whakamātau i ngā momo kāhua rerekē, mai i ngā kopa uaua ki ngā pona ngāwari. Mā tēnei ngāwari ka taea e ngā takai upoko te urutau ki ngā hiahia whaiaro, ā, ka tāpiri atu ki ngā momo kākahu rerekē.

Haunga tōna ātaahua ki te titiro, he pai hoki ngā takai upoko. Ka tiakina te makawe mai i te huarere kino, ka whakaiti i te pakaru, ā, ka pupuri i te makuku. Mō te hunga he makawe tūturu, he makawe kakano rānei, he otinga huatau ngā takai upoko mō te tiaki makawe. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamarie i ngā rā pukumahi, ka pupuri i te makawe kia piri pai, me te tāpiri i te āhua huatau.

"Ehara i te mea he papanga noa iho ngā takai upoko; he kōrero, he tikanga tuku iho, he whakaaturanga tuakiri hoki e whatu ana ki roto i ia momo kakahu."

E whakaatu ana tēnei kōrero i te mauri o ngā takai upoko hei mea whai hua, hei mea whai tikanga hoki. Nā te kaha ki te whakakotahi i te whai huatanga me te ataahua ka whai pānga ki te ahua hou. Mā te awhi i ngā takai upoko, ka whakanuia e te tangata tōna momo kāhua ahurei me te pārekareka ki ngā painga e kawea mai ana e ia ki te oranga o ia rā.

He whakakotahitanga ahurei o te hiranga ahurea me te ahua hou o ngā takai upoko. E tohu ana i te tuakiri, te taonga tuku iho, me te whakaaturanga whaiaro, ā, ehara i te mea he whakapaipai noa iho. Mā te mau i te takai upoko, ka whakahonoretia e te tangata ō rātou pūtake me te awhi i ngā momo āhua hou. Ka hono tēnei mahi tawhito i te tangata puta noa i ngā ahurea, ka poipoi i te whakapehapeha me te kotahitanga. Mā tōna whakamahinga maha ka whai pānga ki ngā horopaki tuku iho me ngā horopaki hou. Hei tohu whānui, ka whakaoho tonu te takai upoko i te auahatanga me te whakanui i te kanorau, e whakaatu ana i tōna ataahua pumau i te ao o ēnei rā.

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha ngā momo takai upoko me ō rātou tikanga?

He maha ngā momo kākahu o ngā takai upoko, he tikanga ahurea, he tikanga whaiaro hoki tō ia kākahu. Hei tauira, ko te iwi YorubageleHe tohu tēnei mō te huatau me te whakahīhī i ngā wā motuhake. I Āhia ki te Tonga, he tohu ngā hāri me ngā takai i te ngākau māhaki me te tikanga tuku iho. Ahakoa ngā ahurea katoa, ko te hoahoa, te tae, me te āhua o te here i te takai ka taea te kawe karere mō te tuakiri, te mana, ngā whakapono rānei.

Me pēhea te whakamahi i ngā takai upoko i roto i te oranga o ia rā?

He maha ngā mahi a ngā takai upoko. Ka taea e rātou te whakarei ake i tō kākahu hei whakapaipai ahua, te tiaki i tō makawe mai i te kino, te whakaatu rānei i ngā uara ahurea me ngā uara wairua. He maha hoki ngā tāngata e whakamahi ana i ēnei mō ngā take mahi, pērā i te pupuri i te makawe kia ma i ngā rā pukumahi, te tiaki rānei i a ia mai i te huarere kino.

He pai ngā takai upoko mō ngā momo makawe katoa?

Ae, he pai te whakamahi i ngā takai makawe mō ngā momo makawe katoa. Ahakoa he makawe tika, he makawe miro, he makawe kakano rānei tōu, ka whakaratohia he tiaki me te āhua. Mō ngā makawe tūturu, mō ngā makawe kakano rānei, ka āwhina ngā takai ki te pupuri i te makuku me te whakaiti i te pakaru, ā, he mea rongonui mō te tiaki makawe.

Ka taea e tetahi te mau i te taupoki upoko?

Ae! He maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā takai upoko, ā, he whānui hoki. Ka mau ngā tāngata o ngā momo papamuri i ēnei hei whakanui i te ahurea, hei whakaatu i te tuakiri, hei pārekareka noa rānei ki tōna ataahua. Heoi, he mea nui kia aro atu ki ngā takai upoko me te whakaute i ō rātou takenga mai me ngā tikanga ahurea.

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te taupoki upoko tika mōku?

Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi takai upoko e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō momo kāhua me ō hiahia. Whakaarohia te papanga, te tae, me te tauira e pārekareka ana ki a koe. He pai ngā rauemi māmā pēnei i te hiraka, te miro rānei mō te whakamahinga o ia rā, ko ngā tānga māia, ngā hoahoa uaua rānei, he mea whakamiharo mō ngā huihuinga motuhake.

He aha ngā painga o te mau i ngā taupoki upoko?

He pai ngā takai upoko mō te mahi me te ataahua. Ka tiakina te makawe mai i ngā kino o te taiao, ka whakaiti i te wā whakapaipai, ā, ka tāpirihia he pā ahurei ki tētahi kākahu. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te tangata te whakaatu i tōna tuakiri me te hono atu ki te taonga tuku iho.

Me pēhea te here i te takai upoko?

Ko te here i te takai upoko he mahi auaha me te whakaharatau. Tīmata ki ngā momo kākahu māmā pēnei i te pona taketake, i te kātene rānei. Mā ngā akoranga ipurangi me ngā papaaho pāpāho pāpori ka whakaratohia he aratohu taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa hei āwhina i a koe ki te ako i ngā tikanga rerekē. Mā te whakamātautau i ngā kopa me ngā miro ka kitea ai tō āhua motuhake.

E kiia ana ngā takai mahunga he kākahu ngaio?

Ae, he ngaio ngā takai upoko ina tika te āhua. He maha ngā wāhi mahi e whakaae ana ki ēnei hei wāhanga o te whakaaturanga whaiaro. Kōwhiria ngā tae mārō, ngā hoahoa huatau rānei hei tāpiri atu ki ngā kākahu ōkawa. Ko te māia ki te mau i tō takai upoko te mea e whakatau ana i te āhua o tōna manakohia.

He aha te mahi a ngā takai upoko i roto i te ahua hou?

Kua huri ngā takai upoko hei momo āhua o te ao, e whakakotahi ana i ngā tikanga tuku iho me ngā momo kāhua o nāianei. E whakaatu ana ngā kaiwhakatairanga me ngā kaihoahoa i ngā huarahi auaha hei whakauru i ēnei ki ngā āhua o ia rā me ngā āhua huatau. Nā te maha o ngā whakamahinga ka noho tonu hei āhuatanga o ngā kākahu hou.

Kei hea ahau e kite ai i ngā takai upoko kounga teitei?

Ka kitea e koe ngā takai upoko kounga teitei mā roto i ngā kaihokohoko motuhake, i ngā papaaho ipurangi rānei. Rapua ngā waitohu e whakatairanga ana i te kounga me te whakaputa tikanga matatika. Ko Wonderful, he kaiwhakarato pono, e tuku ana i te whānuitanga o ngā kōwhiringa ka taea te whakarite kia rite ki ō hiahia, kia pai ai te āhua me te roa.